Th e variational spline theory which originates f rom th e well-known paper by J.e. Holliday (1957) is today a well-developed field in approxi- mat ion theory. The gene ra l definition of splines in the Hilbert space, ex- istence, uniqueness, and characterization theorems were obt ained about 35 years ago by M. Atteia, P.J. L aur ent, and P.M. Anselone, but in rec ent years impor tant new results have been obtained in th e abst ract variational spline theory. Th ese concern the convergence in th e Hilb ert spaces, general techniques for error es tim ation of abs trac t splines includ- ing multi-dimensional splines on scatt ered meshes, new kinds of charac- teriz ation th eorems based on reproducing kernels and m appin gs, and the theory and algorithms for the splines on subspaces (finite element me th od for complic at ed non-polynomial splines). New variatio na l for- mulations arose for vec tor splines, rational splines, te nsor and blending splines, trac es of splines on the smooth manifold, discontinuous splines, etc. Optim al approxi mat ions of linear functionals and ope rat ors are also developed from th ese concepts.

Questo testo, che fa parte della collana UNITEXT - La matematica per il 3+2, contiene una raccolta di esercizi riferiti agli argomenti tipici di un corso di metodi analitici e numerici proposto in un corso di laurea in Ingegneria o in Matematica. Ogni paragrafo è preceduto da un breve richiamo delle principali nozioni di teoria necessarie affinché l'allievo possa risolvere gli esercizi proposti. La risoluzione della maggior parte degli esercizi si avvale della libreria MLife, sviluppata dagli autori, in linguaggio MATLAB. Questo consente l'immediata verifica da parte degli studenti delle principali proprietà teoriche introdotte.

The development of a non-Archimedean (especially, p-adic) mathematical physics, see Chapter 1, induced some new mathematical structures over non- Archimedean fields. In particular, probability theory with p-adic valued probabilities was developed in [99], [101]. This probability theory appeared in connection with a model of quantum mechanics with p-adic valued wave functions [99], [101]. The main task of this probability formalism was to present the probability interpretation for.

This book explains the basic theory of Hilbert C*-module in detail, covering a wide range of applications from generalized index to module framework. At the center of the book, the Beurling-Deny criterion is characterized between operator valued Dirichlet forms and quantum Markov semigroups, hence opening a new field of quantum probability research. The general scope of the book includes: basic theory of Hilbert C*-modules; generalized indices and module frames; operator valued Dirichlet forms; and quantum Markov semigroups.

The present monograph is devoted to the construction and investigation of the new high order of accuracy difference schemes of approximating the solutions of regular and singular perturbation boundary value problems for partial differential equations. The construction is based on the exact difference scheme and Taylor's decomposition on the two or three points. This approach permitted essentially to extend to a class of problems where the theory of difference methods is applicable. Namely, now it is possible to investigate the differential equations with variable coefficients and regular and singular perturbation boundary value problems. The investigation is based on new coercivity inequalities.

This is the second part of a two volume anthology comprising a selection of 49 articles that illustrate the depth, breadth and scope of Nigel Kalton’s research. Each article is accompanied by comments from an expert on the respective topic, which serves to situate the article in its proper context, to successfully link past, present and hopefully future developments of the theory and to help readers grasp the extent of Kalton’s accomplishments. Kalton’s work represents a bridge to the mathematics of tomorrow, and this book will help readers to cross it.

This book is concerned with the mathematical aspects of renormalization theory. Part of it was written in 1978 and published under the title 'Renormalized Feynman Diagrams' -in Russian in 1979. The present English edition is, in a sense, a quite new book. The old text has been thoroughly revised and new chapters have been added.

This book introduces the dilation theory of operators on Hilbert spaces and its relationship to complex geometry. Classical as well as very modern topics are covered in the book. On the one hand, it introduces the reader to the characteristic function, a classical object used by Sz.-Nagy and Foias and still a topic of current research. On the other hand, it describes the dilation theory of the symmetrized bidisc which has been developed mostly in the present century and is a very active topic of research. It also describes an abstract theory of dilation in the setting of set theory. This was developed very recently.

As in the case of the two previous volumes published in 1986 and 1997, the purpose of this monograph is to focus the interplay between real (functional) analysis and stochastic analysis show their mutual benefits and advance the subjects. The presentation of each article, given as a chapter, is in a research-expository style covering the respective topics in depth. In fact, most of the details are included so that each work is essentially self contained and thus will be of use both for advanced graduate students and other researchers interested in the areas considered. Moreover, numerous new problems for future research are suggested in each chapter. The presented articles contain a substantial number of new results as well as unified and simplified accounts of previously known ones. A large part of the material cov­ ered is on stochastic differential equations on various structures, together with some applications. Although Brownian motion plays a key role, (semi-) martingale theory is important for a considerable extent. Moreover, noncommutative analysis and probabil­ ity have a prominent role in some chapters, with new ideas and results. A more detailed outline of each of the articles appears in the introduction and outline to assist readers in selecting and starting their work. All chapters have been reviewed.

This book presents nine survey articles addressing topics surrounding positivity, with an emphasis on functional analysis. The book assembles a wide spectrum of research into positivity, providing up-to-date information on topics of current interest. The discussion provides insight into classical areas like spaces of continuous functions, f-algebras, and integral operators. The coverage extends is broad, including vector measures, operator spaces, ordered tensor products, and non-commutative Banach function spaces.

This book consists of a collection of original, refereed research and expository articles on elliptic aspects of geometric analysis on manifolds, including singular, foliated and non-commutative spaces. The topics covered include the index of operators, torsion invariants, K-theory of operator algebras and L2-invariants. There are contributions from leading specialists, and the book maintains a reasonable balance between research, expository and mixed papers.

This book introduces the reader the theory of nonlinear inclusions and hemivariational inequalities with emphasis on the study of contact mechanics. The work covers both abstract results in the area of nonlinear inclusions, hemivariational inequalities as well as the study of specific contact problems, including their modelling and their variational analysis. Provided results are based on original research on the existence, uniqueness, regularity and behavior of the solution for various classes of nonlinear stationary and evolutionary inclusions. In carrying out the variational analysis of various contact models, one systematically uses results of hemivariational inequalities and, in this way, illustrates the applications of nonlinear analysis in contact mechanics. New mathematical methods are introduced and applied in the study of nonlinear problems, which describe the contact between a deformable body and a foundation. Contact problems arise in industry, engineering and geophysics. Their variational analysis presented in this book lies the background for their numerical analysis. This volume will interest mathematicians, applied mathematicians, engineers, and scientists as well as advanced graduate students.

One of the most important chapters in modern functional analysis is the theory of approximate methods for solution of various mathematical problems. Besides providing considerably simplified approaches to numerical methods, the ideas of functional analysis have also given rise to essentially new computation schemes in problems of linear algebra, differential and integral equations, nonlinear analysis, and so on. The general theory of approximate methods includes many known fundamental results. We refer to the classical work of Kantorovich; the investigations of projection methods by Bogolyubov, Krylov, Keldysh and Petrov, much furthered by Mikhlin and Pol'skii; Tikho­ nov's methods for approximate solution of ill-posed problems; the general theory of difference schemes; and so on. During the past decade, the Voronezh seminar on functional analysis has systematically discussed various questions related to numerical methods; several advanced courses have been held at Voronezh Uni­ versity on the application of functional analysis to numerical mathe­ matics. Some of this research is summarized in the present monograph. The authors' aim has not been to give an exhaustive account, even of the principal known results. The book consists of five chapters.

This is the second part of a two volume anthology comprising a selection of 49 articles that illustrate the depth, breadth and scope of Nigel Kalton’s research. Each article is accompanied by comments from an expert on the respective topic, which serves to situate the article in its proper context, to successfully link past, present and hopefully future developments of the theory and to help readers grasp the extent of Kalton’s accomplishments. Kalton’s work represents a bridge to the mathematics of tomorrow, and this book will help readers to cross it.