"Ecotourism Programme Planning" by D.A. Fennell (Repost)

This is a book about the relationships that exist between operators and tourists, and about how providers can effectively plan and implement the most and best of their ideas through informative and educational programmes that allow for an appreciation of natural history and the natural world in general.

This book provides an in-depth overview of the different operations of ACE tourism. It draws on theory from recreation and leisure studies, tourism, marketing, and environmental management to demonstrate the importance of effective program planning.

Contents
Preface
Acknowledgements
1 Recreation and Tourism
Introduction
Leisure, Recreation and Tourism
Disciplinary links
Tourism Products
Tourism Programmes?
Conclusion
2 Foundational Aspects of Ecotourism
Introduction
Ecotourism
Exploring the boundaries of ecotourism
Defining ecotourism
The Ecotourist
Specialization
Benefits of ecotourism
Ecotourism’s Philosophical Basis
Environmentalism
Sustainable development and tourism
The Environment as a System
Systems analysis
Human ecology
Complexity
Conclusion
3 The Programme Setting: Going ‘In’
Introduction
Ecotourism Supply
Biodiversity
Island biogeography and nature reserve design
Public reserves
Private reserves
Resource Management
Impacts
Carrying capacity
The ecological footprint
The precautionary principle
Discourse analysis
Norms
Community Development
Tourism–community issues
Social capital
Tourism Ethics
Theoretical ethics
Conclusion
4 Programming
Introduction
Planning
Recreation Programming
Programming Ideology
Philosophy
Mission and vision statements
Goals and objectives
Programming Theories
Symbolic interactionism
Social exchange theory
Optimal arousal and flow
Intrinsic/extrinsic motivation
Personality
Life stage
Constraints
Programming Strategies
Programming Approaches
The Programming Model
The Programmer
Tour Operators
Other issues
Conclusion
5 Needs and Assets
Introduction
Motives (Needs)
Needs Assessment
Defining need
Identifying study subjects
Asking the right questions
Collecting the data
Data analysis
Reporting and using the data for planning
Attractions
Inventories of attractions and resources
The Business Plan
PESTE and SWOT analysis
Conclusion
6 Programme Design A: Structure
Introduction
Designing the Structure of the Programme
Programme areas
Programme formats
Programme setting
Programme mobility
Programme lodging
Making Programme Design Decisions
Designing the Programme’s Interpretive Component
Outdoor and environmental education
Interpretation
Models of interpretation
A note on trails
Conclusion
7 Programme Design B: Gearing Up to Go
Introduction
Pre-trip Information: Briefing
Mental and physical preparation
Health Precautions
Transportation
Persons with Disabilities
Personal Hygiene
Food
Water
Recreational impacts on water
First Aid and Survival
Cold and heat
Clothing and equipment
Medical supplies
Permits
Environmental Conditions
Wind and weather
Plant and animal considerations
Sun
The Trip Planning Sheet
Conclusion
8 Programme Design C: Leadership and Risk
Introduction
Leadership
Followers
Approaches to Leadership
Autocratic leadership
Democratic leadership
Laissez-faire leadership
Comprehensive–interaction–expectation theory of leadership
The leadership of Robert Greenleaf
Professional Development
Guiding: skills and guidelines
Safety and Risk
Risk Management
The waiver
Conclusion
9 Programme Implementation
Introduction
Product Life Cycle
Marketing
Product
Price
Place
Promotion
A focus on people, systems and green
Quality
Staff Training
Job satisfaction
Public Relations
Budgeting
Implementation Strategies
Schedules and itineraries
Conclusion
10 Evaluation
Introduction
The Scope of Evaluation
Who should evaluate?
Formative and summative evaluation
Models of Evaluation
Intuitive evaluation
Evaluation by standards
Evaluation by goals and objectives
Evaluation by professional judgement
Transaction–observation method
Communicative and interactive approach
Evaluation of leisure experience
Importance–performance evaluation
Evaluation of operator ethics
Evaluation Details and Issues
Details
Issues
Debriefing
Certification and Accreditation
Environmental Programmes
Green Taxes
Conclusion
11 Integrated Ecotourism Programme Planning: a Synthesis
General Conclusion
Integrated Ecotourism Programme Planning
Social and ecological systems
Ecotourism ethic
Governance
Interplay between broad environment and ecotourism programming
Main programme categories
Shared philosophies, theories, strategies and approaches
Needs and assets
Programme design
Implementation
Evaluation
Feedbacks
Final Thoughts
References
Appendices
Appendix 1: Older Adult Orienteering Questionnaire
Appendix 2: Medical Form
Appendix 3: Packing Information
Appendix 4: The First Aid Kit
Appendix 5a: Injury Checklist
Appendix 5b: Illness Checklist
Appendix 5c: Consciousness Record
Appendix 6: Survival Kit
Appendix 7: Checklist for Effective Leadership of Hiking and Backpacking Daytrip
Appendix 8: Sample Waiver Form
Appendix 9: Ozark Ecotours Reservation Form
Appendix 10: Birds of Trinidad and Tobago – Itinerary
Index