Exit, Voice, and Loyalty: Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations, and States by Albert O. Hirschman
English | January 1, 1970 | ISBN-10: 0674276604 | 176 pages | PDF | 5,9 MB
English | January 1, 1970 | ISBN-10: 0674276604 | 176 pages | PDF | 5,9 MB
An innovator in contemporary thought on economic and political development looks here at decline rather than growth.
Albert O. Hirschman makes a basic distinction between alternative ways of reacting to deterioration in business firms and, in general, to dissatisfaction with organizations: one-exit-is for the member to quit the organization or for the customer to switch to the competing product, and the other-voice-is for members or customers to agitate and exert influence for change "from within."